I PURITANI The Puritans

   by Vincenzo Bellini

Opera seia (melodramma serio) in three parts (2h 45in)

Libretto by Count Carlo Pepoli, after the historical drama Têtes rondes et cavaliers (1833) by Jacques-Arsène Polycarpe François Ancelot and Joseph-Xavier Boniface (‘Xavier Saintine’), in turn derived from Sir Walter Scott’s novel Old Mortally (1816)

Composed April 1834-January 1835; rev. December 1834-January 1835

PREMIEREs 25 January 1835, Théatre-Italien, Paris; UK: 21 May 1835, King’s Theatre, London; US: 22 July 1843, Chestnut St Theater, Philadelphia; rev. version: 14 December 1985, Barbican Centre, London (cos~ert); 1Apr11 1986, Teatro Petruzzeui, Bari

CAST Lord Gualtiero Valton b, Sir Giorgio b, Lord Arturo Talbo t, Sir Riccardo Forth bar, Sir Bruno Roberton t, Enrichetta di Francia a, Elvira a; siab chorus of soldiers of Cromwell, heralds and armigers of Lords Talbo and Valton, Puritans, lords and ladies, Ladies-in-waiting, pages, servants

ORCHESTRATION 2fllpicc,2o,2cl,2bsn,4hn,2tpt,3 trbn, hp, tinip, perc (bd, cym, triangle), str, onstage: 2 sd~ beD, acciarmi(pistols/muskets), 2 d,2 ban, 4 hn,organ (optional, may be replaced by muted strings), hp

 

 

SYNOPSIS

 

Part I – A fortress near Plymouth.

 

Scene 1: A spacious glacis outside the fortress.

Day breaks, reveille sounds, the guard is changed and the soldiers look forward to victory over the Stuarts (‘Quando la tromba squilia’); a morning hymn is heard from the fortress, and all rejoice at the thought of the forthcoming marriage of Elvira, daughter of the Puritan governor.general Sir Gualtiero Valton. Riccardo, a colonel in the Puritan army, confides his sorrows to Bruno, a fellow officer: Elvira had been promised to him; but returning to Plymouth after years of soldiering, he finds that she loves Lord Arturo Talbo, a Cavalier, and that her father is unwilling to force his own wishes on her (‘Ah’ per sempre io ti perdei. Bel sogno beato’).

 

Scene 2: Elvira’s apartment.

Giorgio, Elvira’s uncle, turns her melancholy into joy by telling how he has persuaded her father to allow her to marry Arturo (‘Sorgea hi notte folta’). Cries from the courtyard announce Arturo’s arrival.

 

Scene 3: The armoury.

The chorus acclaims the bridal pair; Arturo compares his present happiness with the time he had to woo Elvira secretly (‘A te, o cara, amor talora’). Valton has been commanded to escort a lady — a suspected Stuart spy —to appear before Parliament. Arturo speaks with her. She proves to be Enrichetta, the widowed queen, and Arturo vows to save her. Elvira now reappears, in part adorned for the wedding, but carrying her veil. Singing of her happiness, she playfully drapes the veil round Enrichetta (‘Son vergin vezzosa’). This gives Arturo an idea of how the queen might be rescued, and as soon as Elvira and her companions have left, he veils her and hurries her away. When they are challenged by the jealous Riccardo, Enrichetta, fearing bloodshed, reveals herself~ Riccardo allows them to make their escape. The wedding party reappears and Valton sounds the alarm and organizes the pursuit. Shock and grief strike Elvira senseless, and in a dreamlike delirium she imagines herself being married to Arturo (‘Oh, vieni al tempio, fedele Arturo’).

 

Part II – The fortress.

 

A room with an outlook over the English camp. As Giorgio is describing Elvira’s ravings (‘Cinta di fiori’) Riccardo brings news that Parliament has condemned Arturo to the scaffold. The mad Elvira enters, dreaming still of her lost love (‘Qui la voce sua soave. . . Vien, diletto, ~ in ciel la luna’). Giorgio urges Riccardo to save Arturo; otherwise he will have Elvira’s death on his conscience (‘II rival salvar tu dci’). Finally Riccardo agrees; but if Arturo is in the Royalist ranks fighting against them on the morrow, he must die (‘Suoni la tromba’).

 

Part III Countryside close to the fortress.

 

A loggia in a garden shrubbery; nightfall. Three months have elapsed. While a storm rages and sounds of distant gunfire are heard, Arturo enters and hears

Elvira singing. Despite the danger from passing groups of soldiers, he takes up the song (‘A una fonte afflitto e solo’). When she appears he falls at her feet, begging forgiveness, and explaining what has happened. The lovers embrace ecstatically (‘Vieni fra le mie braccie’). But Elvira’s mind darkens once more: she imagines that Arturo is again leaving her, and her screams bring Riccardo, Giorgio and the rest hurrying in. Riccardo announces the sentence passed on Arturo, the word ‘death’ so shocking Elvira that she recovers her senses. In the face of death the lovers stand united, and even Riccardo is moved to compassion (‘Credeasi, misera’). The Puritan soldiery are demanding summary execution when a messenger arrives: the Civil War is over~ the Stuarts have been defeated, and a general pardon is issued.

 

RECORDINGS 1. Callas, Di Stefano. Panerai, RossiLemeni. La Scala Ch and 0, Serafln, EMI, 1955; 2. Thcci, Pavarotti, Protti, Raimondi, Ch and 0 of Teatro Massimo, Catania, Quadri, Butterfly, 1969 3. Sutherland, Pavarotti, Cappuccilli, Ghiaurov, Royal Opera House Ch, LSO, Bonynge, Decca, 1975; 4. Caballé, Kraus, Manuguerra, Femn, Ambrosian Opera Ch, Philharmonia, Muti, EMI, 1979 Callas, as ever, is unique and has rewarding support, but the Caballé set is the more authentic and superbly conducted by Muti. Both versions are essential listening. The live Catania performance is sensational as regards Tucci’s and Pavarotti’s singing; the Sutherland preserves a notable reading of Elvira’s role. [A.B.]

 

Viking Opera Guide

 

 

 

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